Internship Program for Optical Fiber Specialist

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Summary

Communication today consist of three major sections of network namely Fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul for porting data from source to destination anywhere across the globe. Whereas fronthaul is used as access network for customer aggregation and customer data is transported through Backhaul which is the core network, the midhaul network is commonly referred to metropolitan area network. The common thing through all sections of network is that the communication media is optical fiber throughout. Optical fiber is the ultimate media because it uses waves near optical wavelength as information carrier and provides virtually unlimited bandwidth which satisfies need for all.

Moreover, the world has started rolling out of 5G mobile network which involves communication antenna at a distance of 200-500m and throughout the globe and consequently fiber will start carrying data from the user laptop modem to an antenna.

In view of above, the need for manpower in different areas of fiber deployment is increasing 14% annually and it will continue for several more years to come. However, there are very few Institutions which are capable to train the young Engineers in this area of promising area. With an objective to develop teams of young engineers on verge of rolling out from their Institutes, an internship Program on “Optical Fiber Specialist” has been designed so that they can be placed in any section of fiber world viz Planning, installation, operation and maintenance.

The 12 weeks Internship program contains around 100 hours through online and 80hours practical followed by 40 hours for the projects and tests. The last 3 weeks program will be held at site.

The certified engineers thus trained shall be access for the respective organization where they will be joining subsequently.

Detailed Program
S.no	Subject	Time in Hours	Brief Contents	Remarks
1	Theory (Mode : Online)	100	Communication Architecture and Role of Optical Fiber, Fiber Physics and Optical Fiber Construction, Route Survey and Fiber Cable Construction, Fiber jointing: Splicing, Connectorization and Testing, Safety standards and safety symbols: Personal, Environmental (storage) and work place Safety, Maintenance – Periodic and Breakdown, Long haul OF Network Systems, FTTH Network, Shorthaul and Midhaul OF Networks and Systems.	The participants will be able to plan, execute and maintain any optical fiber network independently. Also, a participant can work independently as an entrepreneur/Fiber Internet Service Provider.
2	Practical (Mode: On Site)	80 Hours	A)Cable identification, cable Preparation, Fiber identification, Splicing, connectorisation, loss test using LSPM, OTDR trace test analysis, OTDR loss simulation and reporting B) ONT,OLT ,Router configuration, connecting to internet, Customer management, Customer Package Creation and allocation, Billing, Multicasting, Security, Firewall etc.	A) Each participant shall splice 100 fibers comprising of single and ribbon fiber cables and test own performance B) Create customers and control customer packages
3	Project and Certification (On Site)	40 Hours	Network Design and Simulation , Presentation and Tests (theoretical, viva-voce and Practical)	Performance Evaluation and Certification

1) Module Name: Communication Architecture and Role of Optical Fiber

Communication concepts- switching , Transmission and signaling; Different media types for communication and their relative merits; Fronthaul, midhaul and backhaul networks; Architecture of Internet; Data Communication Architecture and Protocols; Role of optical fiber in communication network architecture; Project work on Communication network in different scenario

2) Module Name: Fiber Physics and Optical Fiber Construction

Flow of light through unbounded media - Huygens Principle, absorption, scattering, un-polarized and polarized light; Flow of light through bounded media: Reflection, Refraction, Total internal reflection, Diffraction, Dispersion; Geometry of an optical fiber construction, propagation modes formula and cutoff wavelength; Fiber normalized frequency relation with core and clad refractive indices, single and multimode fibers, Mode Field Diameter and Numerical Aperture; Propagation Losses- Absorption, scattering and bending losses, Material and Wave guide Dispersion, Dispersion Compensation and their industrial implementation; Polarization of light; Project work on comparison of fibers manufactured by different companies on same specification.

3) Module Name: Route Survey and Fiber Cable Construction

SM, Ribbon, Armored, Aerial and Submarine; Survey techniques and Reports: Spooling and Uncoiling of OFC, Packaging of OFC in Drums; Cable Laying method selection, Impact Moling, Open Trench and HDD; Ducting, DCP Testing; Buried pipe/cable locating and Mapping, Electronic Route Markers and Locators, RFID, Cable Avoidance Tools; Important Parameters like CoF and DFR, Figure-8, Manual Pulling with rope, DIT, Air Blowing, Jet Rodding including Tools required; Aerial Cable Laying Techniques; Aerial Cable Pulling & Lashing including Tools required.

4) Module name: Fiber jointing: Splicing, Connectorization and Testing

Colour Coding for Fiber Cable; numbering scheme of fibers in OFC, Jointing of cables- Splicing and connectorisation; Optical Loss, Link Budget and Receiver Sensitivity; cable end preparation; Cable Splicing Techniques: Mechanical Splicing; Fusion splicing, Various types of connectors and connectorisation; Testing Instruments viz., OTDR, LSPM, Visual Fault Locator; Testing with OTDR-Analysis of Test Results and Trouble Shooting.

5) Module Name: Safety standards and safety symbols: Personal, Environmental (storage) and work place Safety

Hazardous material safety guide, hazard classification; PPE Classification, PPE symbols, Eye safety, bare fiber safety, material safety, Fire safety, class of laser, Laser safety rules; Workplace safety symbols, chemical safety.

6) Module Name: One week Practice (hands-on)

Practice on Cable end preparation, Fiber preparation, Splicing techniques, Testing of joints, loss measurement, hands on with Testing equipments like LSPM, VFL and OTDR; Graph analysis of a OTDR for cable joint.

7) Module name: Maintenance – Periodic and Breakdown

Preventive and Corrective Maintenance – Temporary and Permanent Restoration, Co-ordination with other TSPs and other agencies like NHAI, SH, EB.

8) Module Name: Longhaul OF Network Systems

Add Drop Multiplexer, Synchronous Transfer Mode, MPLS, Resilient Packet Ring , Optical Transport Network etc.

9) Module Name: FTTH Network

FTTH Network Architecture: Feeder/Distribution/Customer Service Area; FTTH Planning: Splitters –Types, Levels, Patching in ODN; Splice Plan, ABD, Civil Plan;

FTTH Construction: Mid-span splicing; Microcables, MicroDucts, MicroTrenching; Cabinet, Splitters; FTTH passive components deployment, In campus layout and in-building layout plans;

FTTH Active components: GPON & GEPON – OLT & ONT; Fiber Network: Operation and maintenance

10) Module Name: Shorthaul and Midhaul Networks and Systems

MAC and IP addresses and internetworking concepts and protocols; LAN , VLAN and WAN; Nodes, Switches, Bridges, OLT and Routers; National Optical Fiber Network and State Wide Area Network projects overview; OF network as 5G enabler, MPLS-TP & C-PAN and Fiber to the Antenna;

11) Module Name: Practical and Project work : 2 weeks

Strategy: Group of 2 trainees as practical partners and Project associates : They will carryout assigned practical works and submit results. Each group shall plan, fabricate, test their assigned project and submit results followed by presentation.